Comment bien définir un terrain constructible ?

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Si vous êtes à la recherche d’un terrain afin de mener à bien votre projet immobilier de construction de maison neuve, sans doute vous interrogez-vous sur certains points, tels que la localisation du futur emplacement ou les contraintes qui lui sont associées. Et pour commencer, nous avons souhaité vous apporter davantage d’informations sur votre futur terrain. Quels sont les différents types de terrains ? Qu’est-ce qu’un terrain constructible ? Quelles sont ses caractéristiques principales ?

Quels sont les différents types de terrains lors d’un projet immobilier ?

Les différents types de terrains sont définis selon divers critères que sont leurs situations (terrain en secteur diffus ou terrain loti, fruit d’une division en parcelles), mais aussi leur destination :

  • Terrain agricole ;
  • Terrain non constructible ;
  • Terrain constructible ;
  • Terrain viabilisé.

À noter : tous les types de terrains sont associés à des critères juridiques précis

terrain-vide

Qu’est-ce qu’un terrain constructible ?

Également appelé un « terrain à bâtir », il s’agit d’un terrain en mesure de recevoir une construction neuve, car il remplit toutes les conditions nécessaires. Des travaux sont autorisés et il est possible d’envisager une construction.

Plusieurs critères juridiques doivent être réunis pour qu’un terrain devienne constructible :

  • Il faut qu’il puisse accueillir une construction. C’est-à-dire que le sous-sol ainsi que la nature du sol doivent être en mesure de supporter le poids et les charges de la construction à venir. Un terrain ne remplissant pas ces conditions est dit « non constructible ». La zone dans laquelle il se trouve peut notamment rendre impossible la construction.
  • Le terrain doit pouvoir être viabilisé ou, au minimum, accessible par une ou plusieurs voies d’accès. Il doit être raccordé à l’eau potable, l’électricité et éventuellement au téléphone.

À noter : avant de construire, vous devez pouvoir justifier des autorisations juridiques en lien avec la construction de votre future habitation.

Comment savoir si un terrain est considéré comme constructible ?

Plusieurs démarches peuvent être engagées, vous pouvez notamment consulter différents documents :

  • La carte de votre commune vous permet de savoir dans quelle zone se trouve le terrain et notamment s’il ne se trouve pas dans une zone protégée, par exemple.
  • Le Plan local d’Urbanisme (PLU) vous invite quant à lui à connaître la destination autorisée des sols et les modalités de construction.
  • Le cadastre ainsi que le certificat d’urbanisme représentent également deux documents essentiels à consulter. Ils vous permettront de prendre connaissance des limites exactes du terrain, mais aussi les raccordements existants ainsi que les éventuelles limitations au droit de la propriété.

plan-de-parcelle

À savoir également…

Il existe une différence entre un terrain à bâtir et un terrain constructible. Même si elle demeure ténue, il faut cependant garder à l’esprit qu’un terrain à bâtir est obligatoirement nu alors qu’un terrain constructible peut comporter des constructions plus ou moins anciennes. À noter, un terrain constructible n’est pas forcément viabilisé, contrairement à un terrain à bâtir.

Selon la nature de la zone concernée, des contraintes supplémentaires peuvent s’appliquer :

  • La nécessité d’un accès pour les pompiers ou d’autres services d’utilité publique ;
  • Les risques sismiques à prendre en compte ;
  • L’interdiction éventuelle de construire en ligne de crête pour des raisons paysagères, etc.

 

Afin de mener à bien votre projet immobilier tout en demeurant serein, nous vous accompagnons efficacement. N’hésitez pas à contacter gratuitement nos experts Maisons Pierre au 0800 647 647 (service et appel gratuits).

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